Laminar flow characterizes the steady, orderly movement of a liquid in layers. Unlike turbulent flow, where masses move chaotically, laminar flow exhibits predictable patterns. That occurs when an fluid's speed is relatively low and the viscosity persists high. In such a scenario, each band of liquid advances smoothly past its concurrent layer with

From autonomous machines performing everyday tasks to complex companions offering emotional comfort, the landscape of human interaction is undergoing a significant transformation. Despite robot technology has been around for decades, recent advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics have propelled these breakthroughs into the mainstream.